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Mapping An Epidemiology Origin Story

A decade before John Snow was investigating cholera in London, James Ormiston McWilliam was across the world studying yellow fever in Cape Verde. This approach of utilizing interviews would become an integral part of the field of epidemiology.

Published onAug 04, 2023
Mapping An Epidemiology Origin Story
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ABSTRACT

A decade before John Snow was investigating cholera in London, James Ormiston McWilliam was across the world studying yellow fever in Cape Verde. McWilliam undertook a massive effort to interview all of the people on the island. His interviews were extraordinarily valuable and unique in that they were so extensive and were done without regard to race or social status. He conducted hundreds of interviews of mostly people of color - native, colonized and enslaved peoples. The first-hand accounts and observations of those working close to the illness proved fundamental to understanding disease transmission. This approach of utilizing interviews would become an integral part of the field of epidemiology.

Melissa Ramirez, Ph.D., is a microbiologist and an associate teaching professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. She has loved microbes ever since she read The Hot Zone in ninth grade. She grew up in Virginia and went to Virginia Tech for her undergraduate and graduate degrees. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, working on the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. She later worked at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO before joining the faculty at NC State.

Mapping An Epidemiology Origin Story (Melissa Ramirez)

This video was originally produced for an audience of entering first-year and transfer students at NC State University as a part of an interdisciplinary experience. It is available for noncommercial reuse under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

TRANSCRIPT

WANT TO LEARN MORE?

  • Listen to On the Origin of Epidemiology (podcast, 58 min 13 sec). "The classic tale of epidemiology almost always begins with public health hero John Snow traipsing all over London to track down the source of the 1854 cholera epidemic, ultimately identified as the Broad Street Pump. While Snow’s famous endeavor earned him the title 'the father of field epidemiology,' it turns out, as it so often does, that the real story is more complicated. In this bonus episode, we look beyond John Snow to explore the deeper roots of epidemiology with Dr. Jim Downs, Gilder Lehrman-National Endowment for the Humanities Professor of Civil War Era Studies and History at Gettysburg College. Dr. Downs’ latest book, Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine, reexamines the historical drivers that led physicians to turn their attentions towards the spread of disease in populations. Where does John Snow fit into this revised story of epidemiology? Tune in to find out."  

  • Listen to Patient Zero on Radiolab (podcast 1 hr 15 min). "We start with the story of perhaps the most iconic Patient Zero of all time: Typhoid Mary. Then, we dive into a molecular detective story to pinpoint the beginning of the AIDS, and we re-imagine the moment the virus that caused the global pandemic sprang to life. After that, we're left wondering if you can trace the spread of an idea the way you can trace the spread of a disease. In the end, we find ourselves faced with a choice between competing claims about the origin of the high five. And we come to a perfectly sensible, thoroughly disturbing conclusion about the nature of the universe ... all by way of the cowboy hat." 

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